Basic Principles of a Manifold System

Manifold system consists of two main components: a distributor and a collector.

Distribution Process (Branching): High-temperature hot water from a boiler or heat pump enters the main pipe of the “distributor.” Through multiple branch valves inside the distributor, the hot water is evenly distributed to the floor loops in each room.

Heat Exchange Process (Circulation): The hot water flows through the floor loops, releasing heat into the room through the floor, causing the water temperature to gradually decrease.

Return Process (Recirculation): The cooled water is collected in the main pipe of the “return manifold” and eventually flows back to the heat source for reheating, completing a closed-loop cycle.

Principle of Hydraulic Balancing: Each loop has a different length and thus different resistance. The manifold uses built-in flow meters or balancing valves to manually adjust the water flow in each loop, ensuring that rooms both near and far are equally warm.